Revised GHG reduction strategy for global shipping adopted

经修订的全球航运温室气体减排战略通过

International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopts revised strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping.

国际海事组织（IMO）通过了减少国际航运温室气体排放的修订战略。

Member States of IMO, meeting at the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80), adopted the 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships.

海事组织成员国在海洋环境保护委员会会议上通过了《2023年海事组织减少船舶温室气体排放战略》。

Member States of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), meeting at the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80), have adopted the 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, with enhanced targets to tackle harmful emissions.

国际海事组织（IMO）成员国在海洋环境保护委员会会议上通过了《2023年海事组织减少船舶温室气体排放战略》，其中加强了解决有害排放的目标。

The revised IMO GHG Strategy includes an enhanced common ambition to reach net-zero GHG emissions from international shipping close to 2050, a commitment to ensure an uptake of alternative zero and near-zero GHG fuels by 2030, as well as indicative check-points for 2030 and 2040.

修订后的国际海事组织温室气体战略包括加强共同目标，即在2050年前实现国际航运温室气体净零排放，承诺确保在2030年前采用替代零和接近零的温室气体燃料，以及2030年和2040年的指示性检查点。

IMO Secretary-General Kitack Lim said: "The adoption of the 2023 IMO Greenhouse Gas Strategy is a monumental development for IMO and opens a new chapter towards maritime decarbonization. At the same time, it is not the end goal, it is in many ways a starting point for the work that needs to intensify even more over the years and decades ahead of us. However, with the Revised Strategy that you have now agreed on, we have a clear direction, a common vision, and ambitious targets to guide us to deliver what the world expects from us."

国际海事组织秘书Kitack Lim说：“2023年国际海事组织温室气体战略的通过对国际海事组织来说是一个巨大的发展，开启了海事脱碳的新篇章。与此同时，这不是最终目标，在许多方面，这是未来几年和几十年需要进一步加强的工作起点。然而，有了你们现在达成的《修订战略》，我们有了明确的方向、共同的愿景和雄心勃勃的目标，可以指导我们实现世界对我们的期望。”

"Above all, it is particularly meaningful, to have unanimous support from all Member States. In this regard, I believe that we have to pay more attention to support developing countries, in particular SIDS and LDCs, so that no one is left behind," he said.

他说：“最重要的是，得到所有会员国的一致支持特别有意义。在这方面，我认为我们必须更加重视支持发展中国家，特别是小岛屿发展中国家和最不发达国家，这样就不会有人落在后面。”

IMO is the United Nations specialized agency with responsibility for developing global standards for shipping and supporting countries to implement those rules. 

海事组织是联合国专门机构，负责制定全球航运标准并支持各国执行这些规则。

Elements of the Strategy are outlined below:  /  该战略的要素概述如下：

2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships  /  2023年国际海事组织减少船舶温室气体排放战略

The 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy) represents the continuation of work by IMO as the appropriate international body to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international shipping.

国际海事组织《2023年减少船舶温室气体排放战略》代表着国际海事组织作为解决国际航运温室气体排放问题的适当国际机构继续开展工作。

Vision  视野

IMO remains committed to reducing GHG emissions from international shipping and, as a matter of urgency, aims to phase them out as soon as possible, while promoting, in the context of this Strategy, a just and equitable transition.  

海事组织仍然致力于减少国际航运的温室气体排放，并作为紧急事项，致力于尽快逐步淘汰这些排放，同时在该战略的范围内促进公正和公平的过渡。

Levels of ambition   雄心水平

Levels of ambition directing the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy are as follows:   

指导2023年国际海事组织温室气体战略的雄心水平如下：

1. carbon intensity of the ship to decline through further improvement of the energy efficiency for new ships 

to review with the aim of strengthening the energy efficiency design requirements for ships; 

1. 通过进一步提高新船舶的能源效率，降低船舶的碳强度

审查以加强对船舶能效设计的要求；

2. carbon intensity of international shipping to decline 

to reduce CO2 emissions per transport work, as an average across international shipping, by at least 40% by 2030, compared to 2008;  

2.国际航运碳强度下降

到2030年，将每次运输工作的二氧化碳排放量（国际航运的平均排放量）比2008年至少减少40%；

3. uptake of zero or near-zero GHG emission technologies, fuels and/or energy sources to increase 

uptake of zero or near-zero GHG emission technologies, fuels and/or energy sources to represent at least 5%, striving for 10%, of the energy used by international shipping by 2030; 

3.增加零或接近零温室气体排放技术、燃料和/或能源的使用

到2030年，吸收零或接近零温室气体排放的技术、燃料和/或能源，至少占国际航运所用能源的5%，力争达到10%；

4. GHG emissions from international shipping to reach net zero 

to peak GHG emissions from international shipping as soon as possible and to reach net-zero GHG emissions by or around, i.e. close to 2050, taking into account different national circumstances, whilst pursuing efforts towards phasing them out as called for in the Vision consistent with the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2 of the Paris Agreement.

4.国际航运的温室气体排放量将达到净零

考虑到不同的国情，尽快达到国际航运的温室气体排放峰值，并在2050年左右实现温室气体净零排放，同时根据《巴黎协定》第2条规定的长期温度目标，努力按照《愿景》的要求逐步淘汰温室气体。

Indicative checkpoints   指示性检查点

Indicative checkpoints to reach net-zero GHG emissions from international shipping:

实现国际航运温室气体净零排放的指示性检查点：

1. to reduce the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 20%, striving for 30%, by 2030, compared to 2008; 

1. 到2030年，使国际航运的年温室气体排放总量比2008年至少减少20%，力争减少30%；

2. to reduce the total annual GHG emissions from international shipping by at least 70%, striving for 80%, by 2040, compared to 2008.

2.到2040年，国际航运的年温室气体排放总量比2008年至少减少70%，力争减少80%。

Basket of candidate mid-term GHG reduction measures  /  一揽子备选中期温室气体减排措施

The 2023 GHG Strategy states that a basket of candidate measure(s), delivering on the reduction targets, should be developed and finalized comprised of both: 

1. a technical element, namely a goal-based marine fuel standard regulating the phased reduction of the marine fuel's GHG intensity;

2. an economic element, on the basis of a maritime GHG emissions pricing mechanism.

2023年温室气体战略指出，应制定并最终确定一篮子实现减排目标的候选措施，包括：

ꔷ 一个技术要素，即基于目标的船用燃料标准，规定分阶段减少船用燃料的温室气体强度；

ꔷ 经济因素，以海洋温室气体排放定价机制为基础。

The candidate economic elements will be assessed observing specific criteria to be considered in the comprehensive impact assessment, with a view to facilitating the finalization of the basket of measures.

将根据综合影响评估中将考虑的具体标准对候选经济要素进行评估，以促进一揽子措施的最后确定。

The mid-term GHG reduction measures should effectively promote the energy transition of shipping and provide the world fleet a needed incentive while contributing to a level playing field and a just and equitable transition.

中期温室气体减排措施应有效促进航运的能源转型，并为世界船队提供必要的激励，同时为公平竞争和公正公平的转型做出贡献。

Impacts on States  /  对国家的影响

The strategy says that the impacts on States of a measure/combination of measures should be assessed and taken into account as appropriate before adoption of the measure in accordance with the Revised procedure for assessing impacts on States of candidate measures. Particular attention should be paid to the needs of developing countries, especially SIDS and LDCs.

该战略表示，在采取措施之前，应根据评估候选措施对各国影响的修订程序，酌情评估和考虑一项措施/措施组合对各国的影响。应当特别注意发展中国家，特别是小岛屿发展中国家和最不发达国家的需要。

Barriers and supportive actions; capacity-building and technical cooperation; R&D  /  障碍和支持行动；能力建设和技术合作；研发

In the Strategy, the Committee recognizes that developing countries, in particular LDCs and SIDS, have special needs with regard to capacity-building and technical cooperation. An appendix provides an overview of relevant IMO initiatives supporting the reduction of GHG emissions from ships. 

委员会在《战略》中认识到，发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家在能力建设和技术合作方面有特殊需要。附录概述了海事组织支持减少船舶温室气体排放的相关举措。

These include: the  IMO Integrated Technical Cooperation Programme (ITCP); voluntary multi-donor trust fund ("GHG TC-Trust Fund"); the Global Maritime Technologies Cooperation Centres (MTCC) Network (GMN) EU supported project; the Norway supported Green Voyage 2050 project; the GHG-SMART Programme and Future Fuels and Technology for Low- and Zero-carbon Shipping Projects (FFT project) supported by Republic of Korea; the UNDP-GEF GloFouling Partnerships project; the Norway supported TEST Biofouling (Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies) project; the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-supported IMO CARES (Coordinated Actions to Reduce Emissions from Shipping) Foundation Project; the IMO-UNEP-Norway Innovation Forum; the IMO-EBRD-World Bank co-led Financing Sustainable Maritime Transport (FIN-SMART) Roundtable; and the NextGEN (Green and Efficient Navigation) portal and NextGEN Connect projects. (Read more on these initiatives).

其中包括：海事组织综合技术合作方案；多方捐助者自愿信托基金（“温室气体技术合作信托基金”）；欧盟支持的全球海事技术合作中心网络项目；挪威支持的2050年绿色航行项目；大韩民国支持的GHG-SMART方案和低碳和零碳航运项目的未来燃料和技术（FFT项目）；开发署-全球环境基金光辉伙伴关系项目；挪威支持的TEST生物污染（无害环境技术转让）项目；沙特阿拉伯王国支持海事组织减少航运排放协调行动基金项目；海事组织-环境规划署-挪威创新论坛；海事组织-欧洲复兴开发银行-世界银行共同领导的可持续海运融资圆桌会议；以及NextGEN（绿色高效导航）门户网站和NextGEN Connect项目。（阅读更多关于这些举措的信息）。

Next steps  /  下一步行动

The 2023 Strategy sets out a timeline towards adoption of the basket of measures and adoption of the updated 2028 IMO GHG Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships:

《2023年战略》为通过一篮子措施和通过海事组织关于减少船舶温室气体排放的更新的2028年温室气体战略制定了时间表：

• MEPC 81 (Spring 2024) - Interim report on Comprehensive impact assessment of the basket of candidate mid-term measures/Finalization of basket of measures

• MEPC 82 (Autumn 2024) - Finalized report on Comprehensive impact assessment of the basket of candidate mid-term measures

• MEPC 83 (Spring 2025) - Review of the short-term measure to be completed by 1 January 2026

• MEPC 84 (Spring 2026) - Approval of measures / Review of the short-term measure (EEXI and CII) to be completed by 1 January 2026

• Extraordinary one or two-day MEPC (six months after MEPC 83 in Autumn 2025) - Adoption of measures

 

• MEPC 81（2024年春季）-关于一篮子候选中期措施综合影响评估的中期报告/一篮子措施的最终确定

• MEPC 82（2024年秋季）-关于一篮子候选中期措施综合影响评估的最终报告

• MEPC 83（2025年春季）-将于2026年1月1日前完成对短期措施的审查

• MEPC 84（2026年春季）-措施批准/短期措施审查（EEXI和CII）将于2026年1月1日前完成

• 为期一天或两天的特别海保会（在2025年秋季海保会第83次会议后六个月）-采取措施

Target dates  /  目标日期：

• MEPC 85 (Autumn 2026)

• 16 months after adoption of measures (2027) - Entry into force of measures

• MEPC 86 (Summer 2027) - Initiate the review of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy

• MEPC 87 (Spring 2028)

• MEPC 88 (Autumn 2028) - Finalization of the review of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy with a view to adoption of the 2028 IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships.

 

• MEPC 85（2026年秋季）

• 措施通过后16个月（2027年）-措施生效

• MEPC 86（2027年夏季）-启动对2023年国际海事组织温室气体战略的审查

• MEPC 87（2028年春季）

• MEPC 88（2028年秋季）-完成对2023年海事组织温室气体战略的审查，以期通过2028年海事组织关于减少船舶温室气体排放的战略。

Life cycle GHG assessment guidelines adopted  /  采用生命周期温室气体评估指南

The MEPC adopted Guidelines on life cycle GHG intensity of marine fuels (LCA guidelines) for consideration and adoption. The LCA guidelines allow for a Well-to-Wake calculation, including Well-to-Tank and Tank-to-Wake emission factors, of total GHG emissions related to the production and use of marine fuels.

海保会通过了《海洋燃料生命周期温室气体强度准则》（LCA准则）供审议和通过。生命周期评价指南允许对与海洋燃料生产和使用相关的温室气体排放总量进行井-尾流计算，包括井-罐和罐-尾流排放系数。

Interim guidance on the use of biofuels  /  关于使用生物燃料的临时指导意见

The MEPC approved an MEPC circular on Interim guidance on the use of biofuels under regulations 26, 27 and 28 of MARPOL Annex VI (DCS and CII).

海保会批准了海保会关于根据《防污公约》附件六（DCS和CII）第26、27和28条使用生物燃料的临时指导意见的通知。

Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80)  /  海洋环境保护委员会（MEPC 80）

The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) addresses environmental issues under IMO's remit. This includes the control and prevention of ship-source pollution covered by the MARPOL treaty, including oil, chemicals carried in bulk, sewage, garbage and emissions from ships, including air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. Other matters covered include ballast water management, anti-fouling systems, ship recycling, pollution preparedness and response, and identification of special areas and particularly sensitive sea areas.

海洋环境保护委员会处理海事组织职权范围内的环境问题。这包括控制和预防《防污公约》所涵盖的船源污染，包括石油、散装化学品、污水、垃圾和船舶排放，包括空气污染物和温室气体排放。所涵盖的其他事项包括压载水管理、防污系统、船舶回收、污染防备和应对以及特殊区域和特别敏感海域的识别。

MEPC 80 met 3-7 July 2023 at IMO Headquarters in London. It was attended by some 1,800 delegates (in person and remotely).

海保会第80届会议于2023年7月3日至7日在伦敦海事组织总部举行。约1800名代表（亲自和远程）出席了会议。

The Commission welcomes the agreement reached today at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to revise its 2018 strategy on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships. The agreement is a milestone to cut the carbon footprint of international maritime transport and ensure that the shipping sector makes a fair contribution to achieving the Paris Agreement targets, commensurate to its 3% share of global emissions. Now that the agreement is reached, it is important to start implementation as soon as possible.

委员会欢迎国际海事组织（IMO）今天达成协议，修订其2018年减少船舶温室气体排放的战略。该协议是一个里程碑，旨在减少国际海运的碳足迹，并确保航运业为实现《巴黎协定》的目标做出公平贡献，相当于其在全球排放量中3%的份额。既然达成了协议，就必须尽快开始执行。

The revised 2023 strategy sets a goal of net zero emissions from ships “by or around, i.e. close to, 2050”. This is a major increase in the level of ambition compared to the existing 2018 strategy, which aimed at reducing emissions from ships by just 50% in the same time horizon. A trajectory has also been agreed with indicative checkpoints set at reducing GHG emissions from ships by at least 20% - striving for 30% - in 2030 and at least 70% - striving for 80% - in 2040, both in comparison to 2008 levels. The Commission is ready to engage together with the EU Member States and other IMO parties to implement a pathway consistent with the Paris Agreement temperature goal.

修订后的2023年战略设定了“到2050年或前后，即接近2050年”实现船舶净零排放的目标。与现有的2018年战略相比，这是雄心水平的大幅提升，该战略旨在在同一时间内将船舶排放量仅减少50%。还商定了一个轨迹，设定了指示性检查点，以在2030年和2040年将船舶温室气体排放量分别减少至少20%（力争30%）和至少70%（力争80%），与2008年的水平相比。委员会准备与欧盟成员国和海事组织其他缔约方共同努力，实施符合《巴黎协定》温度目标的途径。

The strategy also sets an important target of at least 5% - striving for 10% - uptake of zero or near-zero GHG emission technologies, fuels and/or energy sources by 2030. This target will set the transition in motion by sending a clear signal to the maritime and fuel industries and incentivising the required investment decisions and fuel choices.

该战略还设定了一个重要目标，即到2030年，温室气体零排放或接近零排放的技术、燃料和/或能源的吸收率至少为5%，力争达到10%。这一目标将通过向海事和燃料行业发出明确信号，激励所需的投资决策和燃料选择，启动转型。

Finally, good progress was achieved on measures to implement the targets. The IMO reached consensus on the need to adopt such measures by 2025 and that they  should comprise a standard regulating the gradual reduction of the marine fuels' GHG intensity, and a maritime GHG emissions pricing mechanism. The measures will be developed on the basis of a comprehensive impact assessment ensuring that they effectively reduce emissions from the sector, while contributing to a level playing field and a fair and equitable transition leaving no one behind.

最后，在执行目标的措施方面取得了良好进展。海事组织就到2025年采取此类措施的必要性达成了共识，这些措施应包括一项规范逐步降低海洋燃料温室气体强度的标准，以及一个海洋温室气体排放定价机制。这些措施将在全面影响评估的基础上制定，以确保有效减少该行业的排放，同时有助于公平竞争环境和公平公正的过渡，不让任何人掉队。

The levels of ambition and indicative checkpoints take into account the lifecycle GHG emissions from marine fuels with the objective of reducing emissions within the boundaries of the energy system of international shipping, thereby preventing a shift of emissions to other sectors. The Commission welcomes in this regard the approval of the guidelines on the life cycle GHG intensity of marine fuels, which provides a solid foundation for the years to come and guarantees that GHG emissions are reduced.

目标水平和指示性检查点考虑到海洋燃料的生命周期温室气体排放，目的是减少国际航运能源系统范围内的排放，从而防止排放转移到其他部门。在这方面，委员会欢迎核准海洋燃料生命周期温室气体强度准则，该准则为今后几年提供了坚实的基础，并保证减少温室气体排放。

The EU Member States and the Commission worked together closely and demonstrated leadership in facilitating an agreement today. The EU will continue to engage with the IMO parties to decide on clear and ambitious measures by 2025 as well as to continue providing assistance to developing and least developed countries.

欧盟成员国和欧盟委员会密切合作，在推动今天达成协议方面发挥了领导作用。欧盟将继续与海事组织缔约方接触，在2025年前决定明确而雄心勃勃的措施，并继续向发展中国家和最不发达国家提供援助。

 

来源：中外能源经济观察