补贴覆盖26亿升，欧盟重金刺激SAF需求

欧盟大力补贴绿色航空燃料，刺激航空燃油需求

为刺激航空公司采购可持续航空燃料（SAF），欧洲联盟正计划对超过2亿升的绿色航空燃料给予补贴，以推动航企从传统煤油（Kerosene）转向更清洁的替代品。

欧盟委员会数据显示，若全部落实，这一补贴规模相当于全球SAF年产量的约15%。国际航空运输协会（IATA）统计，去年全球SAF产量刚刚超过13亿升。

资金来源为欧盟碳排放交易体系（ETS）拍卖的2000万个碳排放许可收入。补贴旨在弥补航企在欧洲内部航班使用昂贵SAF与传统煤油之间的价差。

测算显示，若全部用于合成燃料（以捕获的二氧化碳为原料生产的电子燃料），补贴可覆盖约2.16亿升；若用于SAF，则最高可覆盖约26亿升。具体补贴标准为：合成燃料每升最高6欧元，SAF每升最高0.5欧元。

航空业被视为最难脱碳的行业之一，零排放飞机在本十年内尚难面世。短期内，净排放明显低于煤油的SAF被寄望于减轻航空出行的气候影响。但目前SAF价格是传统航油的3至5倍，占全球航油供应量仅0.3%。

航空公司警告称，在现有成本差距下，欧盟强制提高SAF使用比例的目标“难以实现”。波士顿咨询公司今年发布的研究也指出，航空业投入SAF的预算仅占收入的1%至3%。

根据欧盟法规，自2025年起，欧盟机场供应的航空燃料中须有2%为SAF；到2030年，这一比例将升至6%。

欧盟碳市场是航空公司为其欧洲航线排放购买配额的唯一渠道。过去欧盟向航企免费发放大部分配额，但已启动逐步取消，以加速行业减排。

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EU subsidises high volume of greener aircraft fuel to boost airline demand

Calculations show that the European Union is offering to subsidise airline purchase of sustainable aviation fuels in excess of 200 million litres, to encourage carriers to switch from kerosene to cleaner alternatives.

Based on data from the European Commission, the calculations suggest that subsidies could lead to a significant increase in airline demand for sustainable aircraft fuels (SAF), as the volume is equivalent to around 15% of the global SAF production.

According to the airline industry association IATA, global SAF production last year totalled over 1.3 billion litres.

The EU has allocated revenue from the sale 20 million carbon emission permits to assist airlines in covering the price difference between conventional kerosene (Kerosene) and the more expensive SAF for flights within Europe.

Calculations showed that these subsidies could cover up to 216,000,000 litres (synthetic fuels produced using CO2 captured emissions) or up to 2.6 billion litres (biofuels).

The EU subsidy covers up to 6 Euros per litre of e-fuels, and 0.5 Euros per litre of biofuels.

The aviation sector is one of the most difficult to decarbonise. Zero-emission aircraft are not expected in this decade.

In the short term, sustainable fuels that emit net-zero or less than kerosene fossil fuel can reduce air travel's impact on the environment. SAF is three to five time more expensive than jet fuel, and only accounts for 0.3% of the global supply.

The airlines have warned that EU targets for using more SAF is therefore impossible to achieve, despite a Boston Consulting Group study this year finding that the sector invests only 1% to 3% of its revenue or budget in SAF.

In 2025, the EU will require that 2% of all fuel available in EU airports be SAF. This number will rise to 6% by 2030.

The EU Carbon Market is the only place where airlines can buy permits to cover their European flight emissions. The EU used to give most of the permits away for free, but is now gradually phasing them out in order to accelerate emissions reductions. (Reporting and editing by David Goodman. Additional reporting by Joanna Plucinska)